Federal Laws, Regulations and Policy Guidance

1. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or IDEA, is a federal law that governs how states and school districts support children with disabilities from birth to age 21. Part B of IDEA focuses on preschool and school-age students, ensuring they receive a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that includes special education and related services tailored to their unique needs. The goal is to prepare these students for further education, employment, and independent living while protecting their rights and the rights of their parents.

States and local educational agencies receive funding through IDEA to help achieve these goals.

2. IDEA Regulations

Federal regulations implement laws passed by Congress. Two versions of the IDEA regulations are available:

1. Current regulations: The final version posted on the official government website.
2. Federal Register version: This includes a detailed discussion of changes following the 2004 amendments, an analysis of public comments, and the Department of Education's responses, offering insights into the law's interpretation.

The federal IDEA website offers a wealth of topical information and resources from the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Special Education Programs and other federal agencies. These resources are designed to support educators, parents, and service providers in delivering high-quality education and services to students with disabilities.

3. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Section 504 is another crucial federal law that impacts the education of students with disabilities. It prohibits any entity that receives federal funding, whether public or private, from discriminating based on disability. In essence, Section 504 serves as a "civil rights" law for students with disabilities.

How Section 504 Relates to IDEA and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

• Broader coverage: Section 504 covers a wider range of students with disabilities than IDEA, but its protections are less specific.
• Overlap with IDEA: Students eligible for special education under IDEA are also covered by Section 504, though IDEA is their primary source of rights.
• Relationship with ADA: The 2008 amendments to the ADA introduced new examples of “major life activities” broadening how the term “disability” is interpreted under Section 504. While all students with disabilities are protected under the ADA, the obligations for public schools under Section 504 and ADA are nearly identical.

4. Federal Guidance on IDEA and Section 504

Federal guidance provides essential support for implementing IDEA and Section 504 in schools. This guidance covers a variety of topics, helping educators and administrators navigate day-to-day challenges.

Resources include:

• Policy support documents: Memos, Dear Colleague Letters, and FAQs.
• Response letters: Direct responses to questions from parents, educators, and advocacy groups.

These materials are designed to clarify policies and ensure that the rights of students with disabilities are upheld consistently across all educational settings.